Qualitative and Quantitative Perspectives in Conducting Research Essay

Qualitative and Quantitative Perspectives in Conducting Research - Essay Example There is a relevant connection that exists between qualitative and quantitative approaches as far as research in social science is concerned and the relationship has been empirically and theoretically demonstrated by many researchers that have dealt with different issues(Ragin, 2008). The recent years have been saturated with widespread debate within the social sciences that is associated with the relative advantages in respect to qualitative and quantitative strategies for research, and the opinions different researchers have vary significantly. There is a section that considers the two methods to be totally independent and in relation to the unconventionalideas, there is a section that prefers to blend both approaches in their research activities. Bryman (1998) advocated an approach that would entail the best parts of both approaches and was therefore of the opinion that both qualitative as well as quantitative approaches should be combined.`According to Niglas (2000), none of the variations that are in existence between quantitative and qualitative methodologies are the form of diametric contradictory practices but instead constitute a continuous scale which qualitative and quantitative research are not arranged in a manner that is basic. Secondly, there still exists quite a good number of researchers that are inclined towards the qualitative approach who take a realist ontological position and quantitative researchers whose ontological position is associated with idealism and relativism that associated with realism.

Starting Cookie Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 5

Starting Cookie Business - Assignment Example Debbi’s cookies were hugely popular amongst her relatives, friends and Randy’s clients and therefore could easily start a cookie business. Randy, as an economist was able to calculate the start-up cost and could contribute to the management of the business. Hence their skills were complimentary which was hugely beneficial for their future business. It was the popularity of Debbi’s cookies amongst Randy’s clients that gave birth to the idea of starting a cookie business. Her cookies were in great demand and Debbie believed that she could exploit her expertise in making cookies. Debbi’s goals were to bake great cookies and provide customers with a unique experience. Ensuring customer satisfaction through quality goods and caring and make them feel special was important for Debbi. Randy’s goals for the business was to make it successful by using technology to enhance information flow for effective decision making regarding operational efficiency, administration, and management of its various stores. He primarily believed that mechanistic work should be delegated to machines and people should use their creativity and skills to augment business productivity through direct input like interacting with customers directly. Debbi faced a huge dilemma while opening her second store of Mrs. Fields’ Cookies because she believed to be proactive in business and loved baking cookies and serving to customers. She believed that she should be involved in the business and with the second store, she would not be able to be in two places at the same time. She was not comfortable with delegation as she preferred to being hands-on! Her management style fundamentally relied on developing unique customer relationship based on trust and caring.  Thus providing customers with quality cookies and making them feel important were key ingredients.

Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 23

Paper - Essay Example He embodies the transformational democratic leadership style that allows people within the company to exercise better control of their visions as a whole. Ideally, his transformation comes with selling out his vision and inspiring workers to participate in the building of the company. He is empathetic and knows that people only grow if they have the right training and vision to achieve their goals. His communication strategy is from top-to-bottom and bottom-to-top (Hackman, & Johnson 256). He knows that the only way of achieving success is by allowing people to be involved in the process of running the company. He offers the guidance and allows everyone to make contributions. He also values quality and does not seem perturbed by allowing others to chip in. This kind of emotional stability has made it easier to push the company to higher heights and attaining the intended growth with the company for the longest time possible (Hackman, & Johnson

Strategy Positioning Paper Essay Example for Free

Strategy Positioning Paper Essay Apple is one of the most innovative companies that were ever created to surface our technology world. Founder created it Steve Jobs and two others in 1976. Apple is an â€Å"American multinational corporation headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, online services, and personal computers† (Apple Inc., 2014).Apple is most known for its hardware products such as the Mac computer, IPod, IPad, and the infamous IPhone smart phones, just to name a few. The sleek design of all these products mentioned, is one of the major components that separates this line from its competitors. Having a collection of Apple products is in very high demand across the globe, due to its popularity, speed, and overall technology performance. It has over 400 retail stores across fourteen countries. It does not surprise Apple customers when they develop something great and market it to the world seeing that Apple has estimated revenue of $170 billion. Most Apple consumers are ready for something new to be launched, just so they can get their fingers on it. Apple, Inc. is introducing a new product called the iFlash. It is a portable flash drive combined with a charger, having a flash drive on one end and a charger on the other end. The iFlash comes in varies GB of 8, 16, and 32, with its compatibility with all Apple products. It also comes with a docking station that it connects to so that it can charge itself. It gives you the luxury of being able to charge your phone on the go without worry about finding an outlet to plug it into. The iFlash lets you have the freedom to charge your phone, without being connected to a power source, which is great for this â€Å"on the go generation†. The iFlash is also Wi-Fi capable which means that whenever you have Wi-Fi capability you can upload and sync your phone with iTunes and iCloud as well as perform any  updates that are needed to any applications or to your operating system. The built in flash drive allows you to save information from your phone to the flash drive if needed or you can use it as a portable flash drive on its own. A SWOT analysis of the organization and offering Recognition of Brand Many people are around one area, could leave the Wi-Fi in slow connection Opens opportunities to downloading to a computer without the use of a cord attached to it Workers being exposed to Benzene and N-Hexane The table shows that iFlash could be an advantage or disadvantage with the company. IFlash gives this now on the go generation the opportunity to get things done and stay updated without the fear of finding an outlet to plug into. Many companies that work with electronics have to worry about workers being exposed to Benzene and N-Hexane. Both of them could be critical, however, Apple practices going green. Apple likes to use some of their older projects to help advance the company and gain additional knowledge about the iFlash. The iFlash is yet another fantastic technological creation from  Apple that will give its users the benefit of saving data, including pictures and videos without having to plug into or log onto a computer at all. At the same time, the iFlash will allow the charging of any Apple device without having to plug into an electrical outlet. Both of these functions are wonderful alone but together they make for an extremely useful device. According to Porter’ s five competitive forces, however there may be a significant amount of competition almost immediately. Because of the fact that mobile device industry is so profitable there will surely be a number of threats of new entrants as has been the case for almost all advancements in the industry. One thing that Apple does have however is an extremely loyal customer base, which will certainly help with the success of the launch of the product. Apple customers are so loyal in fact, that some actually camp out in front of stores in anticipation of the release of a new product, in particular the iPhone. The threat of substitute products or services is also very prevalent and in fact to some degree already available. There are both portable chargers and flash drives already available however not as a combination, which is where our product is different from any other. There is also the factor of bargaining powers, both of the customers as well as the suppliers. Apple has a substantial production and distribution operation however, whenever a new device is introduced there is inevitably a backlog because of the popularity of the product. This in essence would create a bargaining power for the customer however since Apple is so popular and established it does not. This might however create a bargaining power for the suppliers because they know that the demand for the product is huge and they could possibly play on that to charge more to produce the device. The competitive rivalry is alive and well in this industry perhaps more than any other industry today. Market Segmentation Base Apple should segment the market on the following basis. Accessible: The selected segments should be reachable in terms of communication or distribution channels. Identifiable: The market segments should have differentiable measures that are easy to identify while segmenting them. Durable: The segments should be stable enough to manage changes in the cost of product offerings (McDonald, 2012). Substantial: The market segments  should be large enough to justify the use of resources for targeting them. Unique Needs: The segments should be able to respond to marketing mix differences to justify separate offerings. By using all these variables, demographic segmentation strategy will be used to segment the target market. It will also cover age, occupation, income, attitude, buying pattern etc. Target Market Because our product will be used with Apple computer, iPad, iPod, and iPhone and is sold in our Apple store, our market can potentially be anyone with an Apple computer, iPod touch or an iPhone. Apple has sold an estimated 33 million total iPhones and 13 million iPod touches, and 14.1 million IPad. This means the market consists potentially of about 60 million Apple. Specifically, we are going after two target markets. The first market will be teenager/college students, ages 16 and above. This market is interested in socializing, music, gaming, recording school notes, and being able to have them at any time. What we can offer them is a device that will be convenient in use and allow quick availability of content for the student. We are providing them the flexibility to have their products and apps available at all time. The other market we are going after is the business peoples. This person is primarily male or female from the age of21-55. This market is interested in being able to transfer their apps, music, or reports from one device to the next. This device allows business people to finish work efficiently and securely on multiple devices. In addition, the businessperson can upload or download material at will. Carrying these small devices make moving data, software and material from one device to next much easier. This product provides the average consumer the resources to move, data, software music, and apps from one product to the next. The reality of the target market is going to be anyone with an apple iPhone or iPod or those who are thinking of getting an apple product. The main audience is going to be teens, young adults, college age, and adults because they are the main audience for the apple products. â€Å"Apple products are also useful to young children and kids. The reason for this is that devices such as iPods and iPads are easy to use due to their touch screen quality, which is good for children. Parents can download learning game apps on Apple devices to teach young children and kids.† This product is can be used to charge two to  four apple products at the same time so it will save ample time in charging products. Emotional and Logical Driver The popularity of our devices link to a device that allow them all to talk and interlink will be quickly becomes a great seller for Apple. We will also target the need for a device that allows business people and student to have accessibility to their data at any location and at any time. Logically, this device will make business and studying much easier. The driving force for this product will be need, available, and convenient. â€Å"Adults are also one of Apple Inc.s target markets. IPhone’s are useful to adults for their everyday needs such as phone calls, map directions, internet connection, documents, and cameras. Carrying these small devices makes adults lives much easier for communicating daily.† Apple products are used by people of all ages for just about anything you can think of from watching a moving to doing business. Many students use their iPhone to do homework (myself included) because it is much easier then carrying around a laptop all day. The tablet i s a common item among students of all ages because it is smaller than a laptop but is capable of doing the same thing a computer can. â€Å"Teenagers are considered one of Apple Inc.s target markets. Teenagers use iPods for many reasons. Some of these reasons are to socialize with friends, listen to music, and go on Facebook, MSN, twitter etc. There are also many gaming apps that appeal to them. IPods have become quite a trend with teenagers† (Apple Inc.’s Target Market). Teenagers live on their apple products, without them they would not know what to do with themselves. Apple has the appeal to the teenage population with all their products. Adults are also one of Apple’s target markets due to the convenience of using it helpful tools such as map direction, internet connection, receiving and sending documents, and the camera. Carrying these small devices makes adults lives much easier for communicating daily.† â€Å"Business People are very intrigued by Apple products. All Apple devices (iPhones, iPads, MacBooks etc.) have a business quality that is very useful. These devices are used to finish work efficiently and to communicate with clients easily. In addition, sending documents is easy and organized† (Apple Inc.’s Target Market). Apple products are used by people of all ages for just about anything you can think of from watching a moving to  doing business. Many students use their iPhone to do homework (myself included) because it is much easier then carrying around a laptop all day. The tablet is a common item among students of all ages because it is smaller than a laptop but is capable of doing the same thing a computer can. Apple has implemented the strategies of push and pull in order to reach their target market. Because of push strategy, the product was placed in front of the consumer. By means of advertising as well as making sure, the customer is mindful of their new product the iFlash, which are a charger on one side and a flash drive on other. However, this approach works extremely well for low price product and drive investment product. There are several ways Apple Inc. can implement the push strategy in order to enhance knowledge of their new product the iFlash. Operating the market to reassure the request of the retailer, promoting the iFlash face-to-face or display area, Apple Inc. can reassure other retailers to stock their product. Although, at times companies must cooperate with retailer to stock an individual product since retailers does not have much space. Nevertheless, want to stock products that will sell, well-organized supply chain allowing retailer supply, packaging design to encourage the purchase, and point of sale displays (Marketing Made Simple.Com). In the meantime push strategy also work best for wholesalers, suppliers inventors and others that by this time has already established a connection with operators. Then there is pull strategy, which Apple Inc. can use to increase demand that encourages customers to pursue an individual product aggressively the iFlash. However, it is intended mainly for the end customers. Nevertheless, a well built and able to be seen brand is required to make certain that the pull strategy is a success. Although, there are many ways a company can apply pull strategy to endorse their brand such as creating advertising strategies that involve the mass media promotion of a product. Customer relationship management that ensures current consumers is mindful of an innovative product that will fill an individual requirement, referral, and sale promotions and discounts. By exercising, those policies drive the demand for the iFlash product. However, because of the demand retailer are pushed to pursue the product as well as to stock on the shelves in their stores. Meanwhile, Apple productively implements the pull strategies to  introduce their products such as iPhone, iPads, iPods and their newest product the iFlash. However, several companies are willing to apply a mixture of push and pull strategies in order to have a productively market product. The strategies that were provided above explain the needs that drive purchase in our current company, which is Apple Inc. It also explains how to encourage retailers to promote its product within their stores. However, it also shows the drive to get customer to purchase iFlash, which is a useful product, it help if your iPhone, iPad, iPod, or Apple laptop has to be charge. For an instant, let us say that one has a meeting and the information that is require located on that hard drive, which can be helpful within that section. However, push and pull strategy help companies to push its product such as place, price, and promote to have a successful product as well as loyal customers. The industry category that Apple falls under would be that of the technological device and applications. This is one of, if not the fastest growing and most competitive industry categories today. Technology is advancing at such a staggering rate that it is often said that once one purchases a new device suc h as an iPhone or iPad it will soon be out of date because the next model will be available in the near future. That should not detour a person from purchasing the product however, just know that if you want the newest and best model you will have to continuously upgrade, which is quickly becoming the norm. This is also in fact how Apple solves the target’s needs, because the reason the advancements and next generation models are developed so rapidly is because both the developers and consumers recognize new options that could be made available or improved. Even when only minimal improvements or new options are recognized, a new model with those options included is developed and distributed virtually always with extremely successful sales. IFlash’s main competition would be Samsung being that they would try to duplicate the same technology as iFlash. Another competitor would be Energizer or any other type of battery maker. However, they would be unsuccessful in the industry because constantly buying batteries to maintain a charge on the devices can be expensive and inconvenient. IFlash would be different from other competitors because while they still struggle with wires bending, breaking  and being lost, the iFlash USB is a portable device that is conveniently stored with a person’s portable device for protection. What makes your organization different from its competition? When it comes to competition, Apple Inc. is truly in its own category. Apple does not just sell devices; it sells online services as well. You have the online Apple store to purchase the latest products, ITunes for media browsing, Safari web browser, and IOS operating system. Apple also has its own retail store that touches 14 countries. This store is not your average retail store, its high tech design and Genius bar to help customer with any technical support. This store also provides presentations and workshops to train the public on new products. Having something so beneficial for the public to utilize definitely sets them apart from its competition. Apple as a company has proven its relevancy in today’s market. Its products are in very high demand, being the largest â€Å"Apple is the largest publicly traded corporation in the world by market capitalization, with an estimated market capitalization of $446 billion by January 2014† (Apple Inc., 2014). Product, Pricing, and Channels Introduction Apple Inc. incorporated in 1977. Their business model has been design, production, and promotion of personal computers, messaging and communication devices, mobile media, laptops and other portable digital equipment. The company also produces a wide range of associated software applications, secondary merchandise, and services, the most well-known among these: iPhone, IPod, iPad, Mac Book, IOS and OSX systems. Apple recently purchased a seed company from Silicon Valley that focuses on I-Flash Charger. A detailed description of the features of your product or service including how it solves the needs of your target market Apple, Inc. has introduced a new product called the iFlash. It is a portable flash drive combined with a charger, designed for people who need to multi task on a daily basis. Having a flash drive on one end and a charger on the other end, has its simplicity and over all convenience. . The iFlash comes in varies GB of 8, 16, and 32, with its compatibility with all App le products. It also comes with a docking station that it connects to so that it can charge itself. It gives the average person on the go, the luxury of being able to charge your phone  without worrying about finding an outlet to plug it into. This iFlash lets you have the freedom to charge your phone, without being connected to a power source, which is great for this fast-paced generation. The iFlash is also Wi-Fi capable which means that whenever you have Wi-Fi capability you can upload and sync your phone with iTunes and iCloud as well as perform any updates that are needed to any applications or to your operating system. The built in flash drive allows you to save information from your phone to the flash drive if needed or you can use it as a portable flash drive on its own, and save work from a desktop computer or laptop. This new product was created with much thought to make your everyday task that much easier. A description of how marketing efforts will change with each phase in the product life cycle Since a very well established firm such as Apple is introducing the iFlash, it will have a great chance for very successful profit margins. The introduction itself is expected to be very successful as with many other Apple products introduction where in many cases people actually camp out hours, even days before the release. The lines at Apple stores when a new product or new version of a popular is being released are always extremely long but the consumers do not care, or rather, they do not let that stop them from wanting to be one of the first to own the hot new Apple product. That being the case, during the marketing introduction phase of the iFlash’s life cycle the marketing strategy will be to have ads on T.V. during popular shows, as well as in printed publications that appeal to a tech savvy and in that case maybe younger consumer group. During the market growth phase we believe the iFlash will have shown how wonderfully convenient it is and is necessary have. Therefore the product will then be market to a much wider range of a consumer group and ads will be place in other types of publications, and ads on T.V. and radio will be during different times of the day as well as during different programs and on different stations to appeal to that wider demographic. â€Å"In the market growth stage, industry sales grow fast—but industry profits rise and then start falling. The innovator begins to make big profits as more and more customers buy. Nevertheless, competitors see the opportunity and enter the market (Perreault, Cannon, McCarthy, 2014). That being the case we expect there to be copycat products as there usually are so prices will have to be  adjusted accordingly because some customers will not care if the product is of the same quality as the iFlash if it is half the price. During the life cycle phases of market maturity and especially the sales decline phase, we will begin to develop a new generation of the iFlash with new capabilities and perhaps at a better initial market price. The packaging you will use for your product or service and how it will add value When it comes to packaging, it may appear as less important to some customer electronics companies. Meanwhile, Apple impressions on their packaging design are taken very seriously. The way Apple package its iFlash and other products, everyone who has opened an Apple product of any kind know that Apple’s packaging is well designed. It reflects a consideration in which many companies do not take the time distribute. Therefore, packaging for Apple is more than how products are placed securely inside its package. Apple’s packaging always looks clean and simple, and the iFlash packaging will be true for the brand. However, the art of the cover of the box is a small size box for the produ ct, which would be inside. In other word, it would be the perfect marketing message, building expectation and making the product the center of attention. Meanwhile, the only other graphic arts on the package are the Apple logo, and the name of the product would locate in the side of the box. Therefore, with the iFlash, being a flash drive on one side, however, the space on the iFlash runs from 8GB to 32GB, which is good for storing pictures and another source of information. The packaging Apple created for the iFlash is unique and made exactly to fit the iFlash, which is stored safely in its box. The appropriate pricing strategy for your product or service and the price you will set at launch The appropriate pricing strategy that will be used upon initial launch of the iFlash would be premium pricing. â€Å"Premium pricing strategy establishes a price higher than the competitors. It’s a strategy that can be effectively used when there is something unique about the product or when the product is first to market and the business has a distinct competitive advantage† (Richards, 2014). Since the iFlash will be the first to m arket, the competitive advantage would be at 100%. Until competition and knock-offs hit the market Apple can continue to charge premium pricing on the product. The iFlash will be offered at four different price points based upon the USB flash drive memory capability. The 2GB will be launched at $19.99 and will be  available in the same colors that are available for iPhones. The 8GB will be launched at $29.99, 16GB launched at $39.99, and the 32GB iFlash will be launched at $49.99. By offering these products at the available pricing, the consumer will notice that the prices are not that much different, and in some cases cheaper than just purchasing a USB flash drive it, and the iFlash performs an additional function! Even if competition comes into play, the iFlash is reasonably priced for an Apple product, and as with all other Apple products, customers have proven willing to pay for quality over price preference. Since the iFlash will be the only product of its type available as a dual feature product, the hype will be instant and hope that the buzz will remain as people flock to purchase the product. The ability to carry around your data and charge your phone at the same time without being tied to a wall outlet allows an iPhone user to be more on the go than before and have more capability to share information, save information, and transport their information. The ability to take the iFlash anywhere and charge your phone from a portable location is a feature that has not yet been offered from any phone competitor to date. By setting, the pricing amounts at the above points Apple can decide to lower them if needed once competitors enter the market, however, based upon the features and quality of the product Apple believes this is a valid and acceptable pricing strategy, which has been set for initial launch. The channels of distribution you will use to sell your product along with a description of how each channel partner will add value â€Å"Apple’s stores are among the most successful brick-and-mortar shops around, generating more revenue per square foot than any other retailer in the United States, including Tiffany.† (Paczkowski) Apple has over three hundred and seventy two store in the United States but the retail outlets sold 40% of the merchandise from Apple. Apple deals with all the phone outlets plus Best Buy, Wal-Mart, and Amazon. The main revenue the company makes are from the channels distribution centers, Amazon is a big seller because of the Internet availability, and they deliver quickly. The phone centers such as Sprint, Verizon, T-Mobile, ATT, and Best Buy are hands on type of distribution center where you can look at the product in real time make it easy for Apple consumers to buy or look at the Apple product. â€Å"Apple is using two major distribution channels to reach the end-user. Direct distribution: Apple established the retail stores in different regional location; it displays the product and provides the information and support to the end-user directly. Indirect distribution: Apple used the intermediary organization to Fragmenting bulk supplies of inventory, provides the financial services to retailers and Increase ease of customer purchase, beside, Apple minimize the transport costs by monitoring and operating a warehouse close to the intermediaries.† The supply chain for Apple products are a vast majority because Apple knows how and what the consumers want and the suppliers are more than happy to get the product for them. Apple products are a worldwide enterprise and the consumer continues to want more so Apple produces more and supplies the chain. With the Apple Standard being adopted as the Industry standard and Apple becoming the major supplier of digital software to the Consumer Electronics industry Apple is in a unique position to leverage its design and innovation capabilities to make high quality digital products for this market. Apple can then use the differentiation strategy to command premium for its products based on the quality and features. They would then become a niche player in the upper and premium end of the digital products market. Conclusion The Apple iFlash has the potential to change the mobile device market. The method of presentation is going to determine how quickly this will happen. The competition will follow the product through its distribution channels, but this product will lead the market exclusively for a significant period. It is during this time that Apple will focus most on developing and perfect the unique functions of the product. The pricing strategy and distribution phases will extract maximum profitability. In the current world, everything has turned digital. Today, the use of iFlash has influenced considerable factors that have effectively enhanced storage and mobility. This has influenced a great challenge to the upcoming generation because of the new devices and the course outline they cover in their institutions. However, Apple Inc. created a suitable device that can meet all the need of the current generation. In general, the target market of the iFlash is the  current and the upcoming generati on. Research shows that most youths are attracted to Apple products because their brains are intelligent, and they believe that this is the right device. The device can store information and link Apps to multiple devices. In addition, the iFlash has suitable features compared to other storage devices. This iFlash will be widely used because of its speed, compatibility and efficiency compared to other storage devices. Your promotional strategy for your product or service, including how you may use the following; Advertising, Public Relations, Digital Marketing, Sales Promotion, Direct Marketing, Event Marketing, Outdoor The promotional strategy for the iFlash would be what is typical from Apple. Advertising is a key so there would be numerous clever televisions, radio and printed advertisements to inform the public of Apples new product the iFlash. Because of the fact that Apple already has very loyal following the advertisements would primarily focus on bringing new customers over to the Apple line of products but also to inform those that already own Apple products how beneficial it would be to own an iFlash. Public relations would be handled in all Apple store locations as well as all other subcontractors that have agreements to sell Apple products. Obviously, Apple stores would have great promotional deals on the iFlash as well as all other Apple service providers that sell Apple products and services and we would offer promotional discounts all around for the purchase of an iFlash. Apple plan to take full advantage of social media to advertise the great benefits of owning an iFlash and will send digital messages to current customers. That already own an iPhone or iPad so they may see firsthand what a great product the iFlash is. The iFlash will also be marketed at popular events such as sporting events and music concerts to allow the public to see how wonderful a product is and how it could help them. Both save the images and videos that they have taken on their iPhones as well as to insure that they have a full charge to take as many pictures and videos as they want without worrying about storage capacity. As we, all know our hand held devices are fantastic for capturing important or fun times in our lives but often times the capacity is limited  because we have done so many times. without saving our images or videos to an external drive and when another moment that we want to capture occurs our device is unable to because the memory is full or your device has used its charge and not only can you not capture the occasion but you may not be able to call someone in case of an emergency. With an iFlash in your pocket, this will never happen again. The effect professional selling may have on your offering

Online Ordering System Dominos Pizza Is Using Information Technology Essay

Online Ordering System Dominos Pizza Is Using Information Technology Essay This assignment will discuss about the company Dominos Pizza with the scenario Online Ordering System that the Dominos Pizza is using this system currently. Firstly, an introduction of the company and the definition of Online Ordering System are discussed. The procedure for ordering a pizza online from Dominos Pizza will be explained and the functions of the Online Ordering System, the internet database will be discussed as well. Furthermore, advantage and disadvantages will be clarified in this assignment. Impact of the technology toward the Dominos Pizza, identify and the similarities and differences of Domino Pizza covered by the module topics were discussed and recommendations for Dominos Pizza were provided and conclusion is given in this assignment. Introduction Dominos Pizza, Inc is a global pizza delivery corporation headquartered in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Dominos is the second-largest pizza chain in the United States. Dominos currently has nearly 9,000 corporate franchised stores and Malaysia has 47 stores across the entire country. Dominos pizza served mainly pizza, pasta, chicken wings, breadsticks, cinnastix and a variety of beverages. In 2003, Dominos Pizza makes the Dominos Pizza officially website and online ordering facility. The Dominos Pizza guarantees the customer receive the hot, fresh and great tasting pizzas within 30 Minutes. Dominos is the only pizza company that guarantees the order will arrive within 30 minutes at customer doorstep or a free regular pizza voucher will given to the customer. Main Body Definition of Online Ordering System: Online food ordering services are websites of local restaurants and food cooperatives set up for customers to select from the interactive menus provided so as the ordering process can take place. In order for ordering to take place, any sorts of internet capable devices which support complex web pages are used. People normally use computers to access into the food websites and place an order. Similar to ordering consumer goods online, online food ordering services also allow consumer to register and uphold an account at the Dominos Pizza website in order to make frequent ordering convenient. A consumer will look for favourite restaurant, browse from available items, and select delivery or pick-up. Payments could be made via credit card or cash. Partial of the payment will be given to the online food company. The pioneer restaurants to adopt online food ordering services are corporate franchises such as Dominos Pizza and Pizza Hut. Procedure Firstly, the customer needs to go the Dominos official website, www.dominos.com.my. The registration as a Dominos member is necessary if the customer order pizza via online for the first time. First step of the register process is entering the street name to locate the customer delivery address accurately for the delivery. After registered, click on the Order Now button. A log in box will pop up on the screen asking for the customer username and the password. After login the customer is able to start to order on desired food or drinks. Once finished ordering, click on submit. An e-mail for verification will be sent to the customer. Once verified, the delivery will send to the customers location within 30 minutes. After purchasing the pizza, customer can keep track of their pizza by GPS Tracker offered by Dominos Pizza. Payment is made subsequent to the customer when the Dominos employee delivers the pizza to the customer. Function: Ordering food online is becoming a norm for restaurants which offer takeout and delivery orders. Online food ordering is designed as it is cost effective yet an efficient system to satisfy the restaurants needs. The system is also designed for its ultimate flexibility and performance. The customers will be able to access into the company existing website and browse at their menu and select and place their orders on what they desire. Once the customer has confirmed their order, the system will either email or fax the customers order to the restaurant. The online ordering system also enables customers to order days in advance and the system will accomplish the order at the specified time. The online ordering system has been constructed to handle large amounts of orders simultaneously to prevent the system overload. This system is also flexible in a way, whereby customers are able to place online orders quickly, with just a click comparing to the tradition where orders were taken through the phone. More time and cost will be saved ordering online as phone bill is charged according to the time the phone is on the line. The system was used intended to meet the requirements of all of the clients. Internet database Online ordering is easy and convenient yet they have more to improve on their online ordering system. It is good that online ordering system has linked the customers information with the database of the system which facilitates the ordering of customers. In addition, customers information could be tracked easily from their database rapidly if they are regular customers. Advantages With the escort in of the 21st century, several of individuals have found out that it is basically easier to purchase goods online. This depends on the consumers preferences. Some people feel unsecure buying items online because they cannot have physical touch or sight with the items they wish to buy. In this case, some people prefer to have the pizza straight from the oven when it is served. Online ordering provides additional customer service such as delivery to the destination that they have requested for. Customers can view the entire menu and all special offers via official website though online. The system records customers orders when purchasing has taken place. Extra services are provided to customers for example like estimated delivery carryout times and track their pizzas position using the GPS Tracker accessible on the website. When ordering via online, even throughout a busy period such as lunch or dinner time, customers would not have a problem in contacting Dominos Pizza and placing their orders. The customers just need to order via online and the system will automatically generate and put it on queue. Online ordering records and stores past records of orders made and allows the customers to view them anytime during their online ordering session. These records will store at the database. The biggest advantage to order pizza online is that the customer can save a lot of time and effort. Customers can decide to complete their orders within seconds or take their time the customer wishes. There are no time limits for them to complete their orders, thus, customers can take their time to order. Instead of planning out time in daily schedule to go out and make a purchase, the consumer can instead go to the website when they have a free time at work or at home late at night, and look up the product that the customers are considering to purchase. The customers can view the full menu and can order any combination of food while the prices are displayed and calculated as they go. It is much easier for a customer who is wished to make large and complex orders online because the customer can order in patiently, consider the options, and calculate different pricing schemes. Consequently, a customer can take a look at products late at night. Even though the Dominos Pizza stores have closed for the night, customers can place orders for the next day while the website still running and available to make pre-order. This means that even after a long day at work and going back home to meal with family, the customer still have time left to go online and look for the product they want to purchase. The Internet is there is open 24 hours 7 days, and is always willing to let the customer to come make pre-order. By going online, the customer do not have to worry about the hassles, such as when they decide that it is time to check out, they do not have to waste the extra time queuing in line. By ordering online, the customer can also take advantage of deals that are only offered to online customers, and often find products that wouldnt be available at a walk in store and special offers are given to online customers. Customers who order pizza online are proven to order more because they dont feel hasty while ordering, as the customer often does over the phone when using phone order. In addition, online ordering increases the amount of customers who visit the Dominos Pizza official website. It also gains customer satisfaction and loyalty throughout the company. Due to its convenience of online purchasing service, customer purchase frequency also may increase. The company eliminated or reduced labour costs associated with manual order taking due to technology computerize replaced labour usage. For the Domino Pizza Company, the online ordering system accepts both online and traditional coupons to attract more customers. Mackay (2008) claimed that Customers who order on the web tends to order more because they have a menu in front of them. With internet, there will be fewer errors on the orders or miscommunication among customers and the employee who taking orders. Compare to phone call ordering, online ordering pizza make fewer mistakes. When during the phone call order, the customer may order wrong item without realizing it. The pronunciation of certain words might lead to order the wrong product. Besides, it provides timely service. The system examines all food orders prior to the completion and corrects human errors. Also, with this system, the registration of online guests is utilized to create valuable marketing campaigns. Online Ordering provides the wonderful solution for office lunch orders. The customers can orders without the hassle of using phone call to order the pizza. The customer can take their time and get the pizza in time. The Dominos Pizza website guarantees that the message, promotions and add-on offers are well delivered to the customers. In financial factor, online ordering system increase the efficiency and cost effectiveness of the ordering operations. For the advertisement, it can create easily or upload promotions to the Dominos Pizza website. For instance, this system can increase the customers guest check automatically by customer email by suggesting upcoming sells for additional products. Online ordering increases in sales of goods in the Domino Pizza Company. Disadvantages The trend of shopping online, especially ordering pizza online has gradually been significant in the last decade and online sellers are expected to have improvements on the volume of sales after website features and services altered. There is no doubt that the customers can find great deals online and so many different products which may not be even available in regular stores. By the way, there are certain disadvantages of online ordering. Normally when we shop from a regular store, we can go directly to a salesperson face-to-face to enquire and clarify our doubts regarding the food we ordering. It is possible that customers would have a wrong idea of what the products and services is about as the customers and the employee cannot deal face-to-face for a clear explanation. Another disadvantage is that a lot of companies which sells online state that customer have to pay for the shipping and delivery charges depending on the weight of the product the customer orders. Only a few companies with websites offer free shipping services while some companies provides free shipping services only if the customer has a total purchase of prices exceeding a certain amount. The shipment fee charged often is one of the reasons that customers would not like to order goods online and does not guarantee that the goods delivered will be in good shape. However, a company must consider on the target market they would like to focus on promoting their products and services to. The elderly are most unlikely to order goods online due to their knowledge of operating a computer. Therefore, if the target market includes the elderly, a traditional service has to be provided to them. Online connectivity issues are the greatest disadvantage for online ordering. The customers add items in online shopping cart, enter information and press submit. The confirmation screen might time out when the internet has an unstable connection. The online customers would not know whether the order has been made or not while reloading the page may cause several billing or several orders. Moreover, customers may also make human errors, such as ordering the incorrect item. This can occur when the customer attempts to place an order. The customer may have accidentally clicked on the wrong item while placing their orders through the website. Even if the consumer clicks on the correct product and provides an accurate product number there may still be mistake made in the ordering process if there are options associated with the item. This problem can be rather disturbing because the consumer will get agitated when the incorrect item is received and therefore, loses customers loyalty towards the company. Another disadvantage is that purchasing online would mean that personal information has to be given to the company when purchasing is taken place. Some companies take advantage of this feature. By purchasing on the Internet, the customer would have to take the risk of having their information taken by online companies and misused. Though this is a very rare occurrence, it is more likely to happen online, than in person. To avoid personal information from being exposed, customers would usually look for a trustable company to purchase goods from. More often, what people dislike about online purchasing is that delivery services are only restricted to certain areas. As a result, people living in rural areas are at a disadvantage whereby they will need to go to the destination whereby the company is able to deliver. Impact of the Technology Dominos Pizza is the first pizza delivery company that launch online ordering system and one of the most recognizable pizza brands in Malaysia. Online ordering has been great in this era of time, where communication taking place thru the internet. The company stated the pizza that order via online in Malaysia take up about 8 to 10 percent of the overall sales. On average, Dominos sells over one million pizza daily across the global. The technology helps the Dominos Pizza gain great revenue over other competitors like Pizza Hut which offer online delivery service as well, McDonald and Nandos which order by phone call. Technology has hastily taken over many jobs whereas technology also creates new jobs towards the organizations. Due to the implementation of the online ordering system for the Dominos Pizza, the company might require some web developer to maintain the website and the database. The organisations leadership and managers need to be change and they recognise the need to adapt and change in response to their vision, aim, shareholder expectations and consumer tastes for example the Dominos Pizza need to set new regulation and IT code of conduct to manage the Dominos Pizza website. Internet Application Similarities Dominos Pizza makes use of E-commerce, meaning transactions over the internet, ordering food online can be an example, pizza- a customers favorite, and additional menu items includes chicken finger`s, fresh salads and sandwiches. At the end we all enjoy all the benefits that the internet serves to the Dominos Pizza. The Domino`s Pizza uses a high-speed connection to access the internet, and with use of the internet they have a domain name, www.dominosoline.com. By the use of the internet is the ultimate tool in marketing, means they can reach an even wider population. Domino`s have they own website that they operate on is secure and hence digital certified thus providing the user to browse safely. They have built secure internet architecture to safeguard the data that they collect online, example can be advertisement boards. The Dominoes Pizza uses internet browsers to surf the web and consists of other useful features which are used to make ordering a pizza as easy as possible, apart from that you can do everything on their site from browsing the menu and ordering a special pizza`s and furthermore tracking the customer pizza in real time from order to delivery. Differences In terms of difference we see that E-mails sent to customers by the Domino cannot be replied back therefore it help in eliminating the risk of acquiring any Spam without the need to make use of freeware or encryptions. This System does not incorporate chat services, newsgroup or message boards to any user. The System does not incorporate any file transfers over the internet, be it downloading or uploading. Recommendations According to the similarities and the differences, we see that the advantages and the disadvantages of using ordering online; several recommendations are advised to be considered by Domino`s Pizza for them to enhance their services and operation and performance. Ordering food online should be more dynamic and helpful to the customers by enabling them to send instant messages to the customers notifying them on cancelled orders via emails, phones or fax informing them about the dynamic change, and providing them with other feasible alternatives. The interface of the ordering food online should be implemented to support more functionality like incorporating tighter security measures. This will allow the user to have more interaction with the system and test the system of its fullest potential. Ethical Legal Issues Computer Ethics Computer ethics is the moral guidelines that govern use of computers and information systems. For example, unauthorized use of computers and network, software theft, information accuracy, intellectual property rights which is the rights to which creators are entitled for their work, codes of conduct and Information privacy According to James H. (2000), computer ethics is the study of the nature and social impact of computer technology and the corresponding formulation and justification of policies for the ethical use of technology. Information privacy is one element of the computers ethnics. Dominos Pizza Malaysia acknowledges and respects the privacy of individuals. This policy covers the personal information that Dominos Pizza and its franchisees hold and locate the way in which Dominos Pizza and its franchisees will use, manage and protect the customer personal information when the customer visit any of Dominos Pizza websites, or place an order with one of the stores. In additional, Dominos Pizza is concerned about the information accuracy of customers. Dominos Pizza will take reasonable steps to ensure that the personal information collected is accurate, complete and up-to-date. The customer can access and request correction of any personal information concerning the customer at any time. The customer may also request that the personal information be deleted at any time. Dominos will take reasonable steps to protect personal information from misuse, loss and unauthorised access, modification or disclosure. Cookie A variety of ways to safeguard personal information is installing a cookie manager to filter cookies. A cookie is a small data file sent from a web server that is stored on the computers hard drive. Cookies allow the customer to recognize their computer while the user is on the website and customize the customer online experience and make it more convenient and browse the website browse faster for the customer. This file enables to track visitor to the website and records certain data concerning that visit, such as the web pages that the customer viewed in order to access to the website. The use of cookies by Dominos Pizza enables the server to record the customer preferred language for navigating the website and improve the functionality of the website. Cookies are also useful in allowing more efficient log-in for users, tracking transaction histories and preserving information between sessions. Most web browser applications for example Microsoft Internet Explorer have features that can notify the user when the computer receive a cookie or prevent cookies from being sent. If the users disable cookies, however, the user may not be able to use certain personalized functions of the website. Encryption When Dominos Pizza receives or sends data via its website, it uses recognized industry standard encryption technology. Encryption is the translation of data into a secret code. Encryption is the most effective way to achieve data security. To read an encrypted file, the authorized person must access to a secret key or password that enables the user to decrypt it. Unencrypted data is called plain text whereas encrypted data is referred to as cipher text. Dominos Pizza is using Voltage Securitys Secure-mail encryption package to protect internal and external company e-mails. According to Anderson (2007), the manager of network security of Dominos Pizza, he claimed that the move is part of a corporate-wide data loss prevention initiative to avoid accidental loss of private or proprietary information. He realised that e-mails being sent to partners and suppliers, such as insurance providers, may contain information like social security numbers that must be encrypted before sending. The decisions about encryption will be made based on pre-set policy, not by individuals on a one-off basis Secure-mail will automatically flag e-mails with sensitive data and encrypt them automatically prior to sending. Recipients will be able to read protected messages without having to download and install client software. This image show how the encryption works Image Source: http://www.outsourcing.st/uploads/images/public-key-encryption-example.gif Privacy Laws Privacy laws have been set by Dominos Pizza for example like how Dominos Pizza collects customer information and how they use customer information. As Dominos Pizza continuously improve and expand their services, the policy might change from time to time. Whenever necessary, check the website regularly to stay informed of any updates. The policy is effective as from December 2009. Dominos Pizza reserves the right to modify or supplement the policy at any time. If a material change to the terms of this policy is made, Dominos will post a notice on its homepage and a link to the new policy. Dominos Pizza does not provide personally identifiable information to unaffiliated third parties for their use in marketing directly to the customer. Dominos Pizza may use unaffiliated companies to help it maintain and operate its website or for other reasons related to the operation of its business, and those companies may receive the customer personally identifiable information for that purpose. Personal information that the customer submit to Dominos may be disclosed to a third party such as the suppliers who are employed to provide some of the services such as mailing houses. For example, if the customer place an order via our internet order system, the customer details will be passed on to VeriSign, who receive the customer credit card details for internet order payment. VeriSign is a secure internet payment gateway that secures the customer credit card number during transmission. Dominos will not collect, use or disclose sensitive information such as information about racial or ethnic origins or political or religious beliefs except with the customer specific consent or in the circumstances permitted in the Malaysian privacy laws or any other related laws in Malaysia. Recommendation The customer can protect their privacy by fill in necessary information on registration forms, rebate and warranty. The customer can limit the amount of information provide to the websites, fill in only required information. The customer is encouraged to set up a free e-mail account and use this e-mail address for merchant forms such as ordering a pizza. In addition, sign up for e-mail filtering through the Internet service provider or use an anti-spam program, such as Brightmail. Do not reply to spam if necessary. Security Before I start to write about similarities and differences between the security issues and dominos pizza ordering online, we should know the first goal to security issues keep users safe and dominos pizza online need this service to save customers information from loss or damage. Similarities All of the security that Dominos Pizza executes and makes use of it is to win the customers reliance. Dominos company try always to gain the customer and security companies by providing appropriate for the users. All of them looking for renewal ideas, offers and Inventions like new recipes for pizza and such us security program scans the files and codes and automatically pass to the company site on the Internet and to compare these codes and the company will renew the information. All of them need the computer. Viruses, worms and Trojan horses hurt the security and hurt dominos pizza online also because dominos company using internet and company want save Privacy such us security the amendment or change within the Software Protection. All of them has specifically plan. All of them use internet explain, dominos use internet to make ordering easy for all people who using internet and also order what over the people want from dominos. Security fabricate because the people how use internet need to save the information also dominos company need the security to save data from steal or loss. Challenge and Competition. Security companies compete with each other in the services companies provided for the user to gain users satisfaction and also dominos company using advertisement in TV, newspapers and web sites compete with dominos many companies and restaurants such as pizza hut stubborn challenger for dominos. Differences: Security issues Dominos pizza online Security is software. The main benefit of the program is a firewall that works to protect the device during work on the Internet and this wall protects you from hackers Dominos pizza is restaurant best services through company web page Security is very important and indispensable to save the information away from the players and hackers. Dominos pizza is not important, because there are many restaurants that provide the same services also, therefore one cannot loss anything from not eating from pizza rest restaurant. Protection service and Information systems and prevent any person from entering except by permission of the user to our system Service request and this service is available to request through the website Problems in security: All off Virus Anti-Virus, Kaspersky, Nod32, Norton and AVG did not reach full perfection each of them has many flaws and errors such us program size and some of them has the property to delete without permission from user or some of this make system slow. Conclusion Stepping into the world of modernization, majority of the services are being computerized and programmed in a specific system to simplify and reduce labour work. It is a wise decision for Dominos to adopt online food ordering system due to its convenience and user friendly. Dominos website which provides online ordering also have saved profile of signed up customers, including full name, contact number and also complete address for delivery. It prevents mistakes of jotting down the details if customers order through phone call. Besides, Dominos have also kept a record of previous orders so that customers can refer to previous selection of their favourite pizzas. This online ordering service will undoubtedly attract more customers because Dominos allow customers to place an order via internet today and request for delivery on another day. The delivery time is also available at any time according to customers needs from 11.30am till 11.30pm. Another great service provided in online ordering service is Dominos have specifically engineered the Great Pizza Service Tracker that provides customers an up-to-date status from the moment customers place orders to the moment the pizza leaves the store. The status starts from order placed, preparing, baking, boxing, packing, ready for delivery, and lastly the pizza is ready for delivering. In conclusion, Dominos has successfully keeps their customer loyal is partly due to the wide usage of online food ordering service. This service has not only minimize mistakes while placing an order, it has also provides maximum satisfaction for customers during the selection of food. Recommendation According to our research about Domino`s Pizza, several recommendation are advised to be considered by the company to improve their services and operation performance: Planning Domino`s company needs an effective advertising structure or plan, in this case it will improve customer relations. The domino`s company needs to increase the speed and efficiency of pizza making, therefore means that they can cope with larger amount of customers and having long customer relations. Performance management Domino`s company should check how the employees are doing for example how they analyze the performance of the company. Employees are required to interface directly with the customers to improve better understanding; another thing is that the employees need to make certain decision in the company rather than waiting to be told what to do and how to do. For Domino`s to be successful, the employees need to work hard so that they can reach the objective the company. I will recommend the employees should be made happy for example, good working condition and to be treated fairly. Vision Domino`s company needs to improve on their sales which at the end will inevitably lead to more profit and fame also. The Domino also has to break in and expand and do well in the Malaysia market.

The Stamp Act Essay -- British History

The Stamp Act   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The passing of the Stamp Act by Parliament in 1765 caused a rush of angry protests by the colonists in British America that perhaps "aroused and unified Americans as no previous political event ever had." It levied a tax on legal documents, almanacs, newspapers, and nearly every other form of paper used in the colonies. Adding to this hardship was the need for the tax to be paid in British sterling, not in colonial paper money. Although this duty had been in effect in England for over half a century and was already in effect in several colonies in the 1750?s, it called into question the authority of Parliament over the overseas colonies that had no representation therein.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the news of the passage of this act reached the American shore, the colonists protested vehemently. Nine of the thirteen colonies sent delegates to the Stamp Act Congress, which sought ?to consider of a general and united, dutiful, loyal and humble representation of their condition to His Majesty and the Parliament; and to implore relief.? The resulting resolution caused almost as much resistance in England as the original act had in the colonies. Through studying some of the documents coming out of this period, one can see the very different opinions held by the colonists, supporters of Parliament, and American sympathizers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Resolutions of the Stamp Act Congress were completed on October 19, 1765. These resolutions are a strong, logical argument against the Stamp Act, which appears to be very cogent. A major issue in the writing of these was the degree of rebelliousness that should be conveyed in the text. Because of the disagreements about this, the wording of the first resolution is very vague. The Congress began by asserting their allegiance to the crown and affirming their likeness to its other subjects, including the entitlement to certain inherent rights and liberties. It goes on to establish the need for representation in the government and the impossibility of representation for the colonists. It then goes on question the jurisdiction of Parliament in the passage of the Stamp Act in Resolution VII and petition the repeal of it in the conclusion: VII. That the late Act of Parliament, entitled, An Act for granting and applying certain Stamp Duties, and other Duties, in the British colonies and the plantations in America, etc., by impos... ...rn the colonies, taxing them was overreaching its jurisdiction: I am no courtier of America; I stand up for this kingdom. I maintain that the parliament has a right to bind, to restrain America. Our legislative power over the colonies is sovereign and supreme?but there is a plain distinction between taxes levied for the purposes of raising a revenue, and duties imposed for the regulation of trade?[Americans] have been wronged. They have been driven to madness by injustice. Will you punish them for the madness you have occasioned? Here Pitt is sympathizing with British America, comparing its people not only to slaves but also to the insane. He finishes his speech by asking that the Stamp Act be repealed ?absolutely, totally, and immediately? and that ?the reason for the appeal should be assigned, because it was founded on an erroneous principle.?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These are not all of the literature in response to the Stamp Act. Many others protested and supported in writing, speeches, and demonstrations. However, these examples do express the emotions that were drawn out during this time and the world of differences in the views of the colonists, Parliament, and American sympathizers.

How To Make A Cup Of Tea Essay

Currently, drinking a tea is a habit. You can find everyone drinking a tea in their daily activities. The reason why everyone like drinking a tea is because tea can makes us relax and also the taste is good. You can also find the seller of a tea cup in any place such as in mall, canteen , supermarket or even now you also can find that there are many outlets which is just only sell a cup of tea. They sell many kinds of tea such as original tea, lemon tea, milk tea, fruit tea, chocolate tea and other varieties. But you can also make it by yourself in your kitchen. I will explain how to make a cup of tea in general. There are several steps that you have to do to make a cup of tea. This is the three steps that you need. First, choose dried-tea leaves as good quality tea. Second, prepare the ingredients and tools. Last, how to make tea. For the first step to make a good tea, you need to buy a tea with good quality. Many kind of tea that you can find in market like tea powder, teabag, and tea dried-tea leaves. You can choose tea powder for simple way, but it is not too delicious because of chemical substance on it. Tea bag also the choice if you dont want to wait too long for make a cup of tea. But tea bag also not too good because the bag has’nt good quality and contains of chemical substance on it. The only good choice is dried-tea leaves because it more fresh and natural. Not only that, dried-tea leaves also have a good smell. Second steps after you chose the good quality of tea, you must prepare the ingredients and also the tools. The ingredients you need is like sugar. The sugar that you use here is granulated sugar not refined sugar. Another one is water ( boiled water). So you must boil water for the first. After the ingredients done you need some tools too such as kettle and stove to boil the water, if you dont have kettle, you also can use pot which is important to boil water. The last is how to make a cup of tea itself. Firstly you have to rehate bolied water in kettle about 3-5 minutes. After that pour the lukewarm water into the teapot. If already done, the other step is you have to add the dried-tea leaves into the teapot. Don’t add too much dried-tea leaves because the tea will too thick to drink. Wait about 3 minutes until the tea becomes a dark colour. Then strain the tea into a cup so that dried-tea leaves can be filtered. Don’t forget to add sugar according to your taste. And the tea ready to serve. You also can add milk or fruit syrup into your tea according your favourite flavour. Making a tea is not too difficult and you don’t have to buy instant tea in supermarket or mall if there is still time to make it. You just need tea, sugar, water, kettle, teapot, cup to make a cup of tea. You can also add milk or fruit syrup according your favourite flavour. With drinking a cup of tea can relax our body and can refresh our mind because of it smells.